Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

 

​ARFID is an eating disorder characterized by a limited range of foods that a person is willing to eat, often due to sensory sensitivities, fear of negative consequences, or a lack of interest in food. Individuals with ARFID may experience nutritional deficiencies, anxiety around mealtimes, and significant social or functional impairments.

 

Sensory Sensitivity

Sensory sensitivity in individuals with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) can manifest as an intense aversion to certain textures, smells, tastes, or even the appearance of food. These sensitivities can lead to a limited diet, as individuals may avoid foods that feel too "rough," "slimy," "crumbly," or "strong-smelling," making mealtimes stressful and overwhelming. For some, the feeling of food in their mouth or the taste can trigger extreme discomfort or anxiety. This heightened sensitivity often leads to the avoidance of a variety of foods, resulting in a narrow range of acceptable options.

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Fear of Negative Consequences

In individuals with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), fear of negative consequences can drive food avoidance behaviors. This fear often centers around the belief that eating certain foods will lead to physical discomfort, illness, or choking. Some may have a heightened fear of vomiting, gagging, or experiencing an allergic reaction. These concerns can cause extreme anxiety around mealtimes, leading to the restriction of certain foods or entire food groups. As a result, individuals may limit their diet to foods they perceive as safe, often avoiding new or unfamiliar foods altogether.

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Lack of Interest

In individuals with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), a lack of interest in food can manifest as a general disinterest or indifference towards eating. People with ARFID may not feel hungry or may not experience the typical enjoyment that comes with food. This can lead to limited food intake and the avoidance of mealtimes altogether, as food simply doesn't appeal to them. In some cases, individuals may have little curiosity about trying new foods, leading to a narrow diet. This lack of interest can be distressing for both the person and their caregivers, as it often results in nutritional deficiencies and social challenges.

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For more information, explore these pages on Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Exposure Response Prevention (ERP), Family Based Treatment, and our Virtual Caregiver Workshop for Eating Disorders.